Abstract

Dynamometer tests have been performed on a Toyota Diesel Engine Model LSOHC to obtain torque, horsepower, and specific fuel consumption by testing the fuels individually and also using Oxy-Hydrogen with each. The data was compiled into total performance maps. Fuels tested include Diesel, Bio-diesel (B20), Palm oil, LPG, and CNG.

Objective

The objective was to perform dynamometer tests on a Toyota Diesel Engine Model LSOHC to obtain torque, horsepower, and specific fuel consumption by testing the fuels individually and also using Oxy-Hydrogen with each. The total performance maps provided information on whether the Diesel, Bio-diesel (B20), Palm oil, LPG, and CNG or the Oxy-Hydrogen system helps in reducing fuel consumption.

Overall, ten dynamometer tests were run with different fuel combinations in order to determine the performance analysis of the two systems, with or without Oxy-Hydrogen. Five fuel types were used Diesel, Bio-diesel (B20), Palm oil, LPG, and CNG. Each test was compared to the 100 % Diesel, which was the baseline control test. In order to maintain consistency and an unbiased evaluation, all tests were performed on the same Toyota Diesel Engine Model LSOHC, using the same dynamometer, under the same procedure.

Before any dynamometer tests were run, each fuel type’s energy content was calculated by way of heat of combustion assessments. An adiabatic bomb calorimeter was used for these processes. By calculating the energy content of each fuel, a theoretical analysis could aid in prediction of each fuel’s relative power output.

Oxy-Hydrogen was manufactured by Solar Space Frame Industrial Co., Ltd. Through the process of electrolysis, the system separated water into hydrogen and oxygen. The separated gases were then directed into the airflow prior to the Venturi system after the air filter.

Background

The use of vegetable oil as a fuel source has been around for over 100 years. The first documented use was demonstrated by Otto at the 1900 World’s fair, using peanut oil. Also, Rudolf Diesel’s invention was originally intended to operate on peanut oil, but it was discovered that the diesel engine could run on cheaper petroleum oil.

The use of LPG as a fuel source has been around for over 30 years in Thailand. Lot of research and modification engine parts had been completed and test. Now a day LPG can perform perfectly in Thailand environment and conditions.

The hydrogen/oxygen generator was first developed in 1918 by Charles Frazer. Oxy-Hydrogen systems help improve combustion characteristics of petroleum based fuel sources. The gases created act as a catalyst to the fuel, creating better propagation, and more complete combustion. They also are said to reduce hydrocarbons in the exhaust, reducing emissions.

The results reported testing Oxy-Hydrogen on a diesel engine with an engine dynamometer. The test used five types of fuel Diesel, Bio-diesel (B20), Palm oil, LPG, and CNG.

Engine Specifications

Picture 1, LSOHC engine

 Table 1 LSOHC engine specifications

Engine Model	LSOHC
Size cc.	2,118
Compression Ratio	21.5:1
Horse Power @ 4,200 RPM	100
Torque ft-lb @ 2,800 RPM	93
City MPG	26
Hwy MPG	28

Analysis

 Table 2 Test Results

Fuel Type	Heat Value Cal/g	GPH @ 2,800 RPM W/O Oxy-Hydrogen	Torque lb-ft	GPH @ 2,800 RPM W Oxy-Hydrogen	Torque lb-ft	Fuel % +
Diesel	10,580.87	4.80	93.51	3.82	107.54	20.42
B20	10,748.07	4.27	95.58	3.34	109.71	21.78
Palm Oil	9,386.64	5.26	84.21	4.27	98.95	18.82
LPG	8,213.91	6.72	73.04	5.57	83.84	17.11
CNG	7,119.42	7.84	63.31	6.63	72.67	15.43

Comparing the charts between Diesel tests with and without Oxy-Hydrogen, It is better improvement with Oxy-Hydrogen than Diesel only tests. Also comparing the Diesel and LPG tests with and without Oxy-Hydrogen, It is better improvement for both fuel types with Oxy-Hydrogen.

SUMMARY

Fuel consumption at 2,800 RPM at maximum torque achieved. The Diesel with Oxy-Hydrogen test proved the ability of Diesel to produce more torque 107.54 lb-ft instead 93.51 lb-ft at a lower fuel consumption rate than diesel fuel (3.82 GPH than 4.80 GPH). The energy content by weight of the Diesel is 10,580.87 Cal/g, see Table 2 above.

The Bio-diesel (B-20) with Oxy-Hydrogen test proved the ability of Bio-diesel to produce more torque 109.71 lb-ft instead 95.58 lb-ft at a lower fuel consumption rate than diesel fuel (3.34 GPH than 4.27 GPH). The energy content by weight of the Bio-diesel is actually 1.56 % more than diesel fuel, see Table 2 above.

The Palm oil with Oxy-Hydrogen test proved the ability of Palm oil to produce more torque 98.95 lb-ft instead 84.21 lb-ft at a lower fuel consumption rate than diesel fuel (4.27 GPH than 5.26 GPH). The energy content by weight of the Palm oil is actually 11.29 % less than diesel fuel, see Table 2 above.

The LPG with Oxy-Hydrogen test proved the ability of LPG to produce more torque 83.84 lb-ft instead 73.04 lb-ft at a lower fuel consumption rate than LPG (5.57 GPH than 6.72 GPH). The energy content by weight of the LPG oil is actually 22.37 % less than Diesel, see Table 2 above.

The CNG with Oxy-Hydrogen test proved the ability of CNG to produce more torque 72.67 lb-ft instead 63.31 lb-ft at a lower fuel consumption rate than CNG (6.63 GPH than 7.84 GPH). The energy content by weight of the CNG oil is actually 32.71 % less than Diesel, see Table 2 above.